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Ans. The central atom of H2O is O and H2S is S. Due to the smaller size of oxygen, the electronegativity of oxygen is greater than that of S. In H2O molecule, the central atom of oxygen has four electron pairs in which two pairs are bonding pairs and two pairs are lone pairs. In … Read more
Ans. In NH3 molecule, the central atom of nitrogen has three unpaired electrons in the ground state. The nitrogen atom then undergoes sp3 hybridization and forms four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The three sp3 hybrid orbitals overlap with three s orbitals of hydrogen atom while the fourth hybrid orbital contains lone pair of electrons and does … Read more
The process of mixing of orbitals of an atom of nearly equal energy giving rise to entirely new orbitals which are equal in number to the mixing orbitals and have identical shapes is called hybridization. Structure of CH4 is tetrahedral and its orbital picture is shown below:
Ans. Hybrid orbitals are the orbitals having same energy and same structure. E.g. Px, Py and Pz are hybrid orbitals as these orbitals have same energy and same structure(dumb-bell shape).
Ans. In some complexes, the metal ion has no electrons in the d-orbitals (d0 configuration). Thus, when the visible light spectrum(white light) passes through the solution, there are no electrons to absorb the wavelength of the light. hence, all the seven rays of white light are transmitted giving white colour which means the complex is … Read more
Ans. D-block elements have electrons in the d-orbital. The d-orbitals split into two groups,t2g(lower energy) and eg(higher energy) in an octahedral complex. When white light falls in the complex compound, the electron of t2g orbital absorbs a certain wavelength from the white light(VIBGYOR) and moves to eg orbital. The remaining part of the light is … Read more
CH3COOH is a weak electrolyte that partially ionizes as CH3COOH ⇌ CH3COO – + H+ ( weak electrolyte ) but, CH3COONa is a strong electrolyte that almost completely ionizes as CH3COONa ⇌ CH3COO– + Na+ The addition of CH3COONa to CH3COOH solution introduces the large concentration of CH3COO– and the equilibrium of the former reaction … Read more
d – Block elements: The element in which electrons progressively enter in d – orbitals of its penultimate shell i.e. the (n – 1) d – orbital are called d – block elements. This block corresponds to groups 3 to 12 in the periodic table. General valance electronic configuration of d – block elements is … Read more
When the partially soluble salts like AgCl, CuS, BaSO4, etc are kept in water then a fraction of them dissolved but ionized almost completely. When AgCl is kept in water then it almost completely ionized as, AgCl = Ag + + Cl– By applying law of mass action, Keq = [ Ag + ] [Cl … Read more
There are different factors that affect the degree of ionization Nature of Electrolyte Nature of Solvent Temperature Dilution Nature of Electrolyte : The value of alpha depends upon the nature of electrolytes. Strong electrolytes like NaCl, KCl, Na2SO4, etc have higher values of α found to be nearly equal to 1. The strong electrolyte is … Read more